Data collection _ so

【 Name 】 Chad Republic (The Republic of Chad, La République du Tchad) [area] 1284000 square kilometres. 【 Population 】, 1091 million (2009 London economic statistics quarterly assessment). Total national 256. North, Central and Eastern inhabitants mainly Arab descent of Berber tribes, ouadai, Kutubu, bagirmi family, representing about 45% of the population; the South and South-West of residents mainly for Sarah, Masa group, branch Toco family, such as the Mongolian when, about 55% of the population. The official language is French and Chad in Arabic. Southern Sudan-speaking residents of common language of Sarah, Northern common Arabic of Chad. 44% of the population profess Islam, Christianity, 33% 23% believe in original religion. 【 Capital 】 N'Djamena (N'Djamena), formerly known as Fort Lamy (Fort-Lamy), 1973, 5 September to present name. Population of 76 million people (estimates for 2009). Maximum temperature of 42 parallel C (April), minimum 14 parallel C (December). 【 Heads 】 Idris · · Déby Itno (Idriss DebyItno), 1990, December 4, served as President of the Council of State, heads of State. 1991, March 4, became President. 1996 8th August, 18 June 2001 and 2006, 28, won three times. 【 Important festivals 】 independence day (national day): August 11; freedom and democracy day (i.e., Deby's day): December 1. 【 Profile 】 is located in Central Africa, the southern edge of the Sahara desert, landlocked countries. East Sudan, South and Central Africa, Cameroon, West Junction and Nigeria and Niger to the North, Libya. The North is a desert or semi desert climate, the subordination of the Sahel, southern Savannah climate is tropical savanna climate, high-temperature hot throughout the year. In addition to the Northern plateau mountain, in most areas the average annual temperature of 27 C above, parallel up to 29 in the North of the parallel C. Early residents, the "Sao Sao culture" is a treasure house of African culture. Year 9 to 17 century successively set Gagne-bornu Empire, the Kingdom of ouadai and bagirmi, Muslim kingdoms. 1902 became France colonial, 1910 to become one of the French Equatorial Africa. In 1911, part of the territory of Germany in exchange for granting to acknowledge laws on Germany's "protection" in Morocco. After the first world war returned to France. 1946 became law overseas territories. Early 1957 become "half-Autonomous Republic". November 28, 1958, became a "French community" in "Autonomous Republic". 1960 11 August declared independence, François Tombalbaye · (FrançoisTombalbaye) as head of State. April 1975, Malloum launch military coup, the military Government. 1978 goukouni anti-Government armed attack on a large scale. 1979 Malloum was forced to resign after regime change, through continued turbulence in the Council. June 1982 Habré attack capital, and served as President. April 1989, at first Commander-in-Chief of Idris · generation than others and Habré break, and in March 1990 the patriotic salvation movement created ("love life saving transportation). In December, Deby to overthrow the regime that Habré as the Council of State (provisional Government) Madam President, the head of State, 1991, 4 March became President. 【 Political 】 generation than the ruling after the beginning of a multi-party system, 1993 a meeting attended by all parties at the highest national conference, establish the transition mechanism. March 1996 referendum adopted a new Constitution. Presidential elections to be held in June, Deby win. 1997 March legislative elections, love life delivered by an absolute majority in Parliament. Generation than the Government side of the force in the territory of anti-Government armed mopped, side held political and about ease contradictions, the consolidation of the regime, the once remarkable results. In May 2001 and April 2002, Deby and love life respectively again win the presidential election and legislative elections. In 2003, the first in the territory of anti-Government armed basic subsided. Since 2005, the number of attempted coup d ' état, anti-Government armed resurgence and rapidly growing, active at the eastern border with Sudan, and repeated westward. In May 2006, at the presidential elections, Deby in opposition cases collective boycott election victory. In December, one of the major anti-Government armed "change all the ends of the Government of the United Front". In August 2007, love life saving transportation and other presidential majority and opposition political parties and 18, announced the signing of the political agreement to achieve reconciliation. In October, at the Government and "fight for democracy and development (UFDD) Alliance," and so on four major anti-Government armed signed the peace agreement. In November, the two conflict. At the end of January 2008 in early February, anti-Government coalition offensive from the East, was once the capital N'Djamena in most urban occupation. At first the Government forces have been fighting away looking back and national control, anti-Government armed returned and Sudan border base. In January 2009, at 8 supported consist of major anti-Government armed anti-Government coalition "resistance forces Union" electoral timana · El m (TimaneErdimi, President Deby nephew) is a common leader. 6 may, the "resistance forces Union" over columns of hundreds of car truck crossing the border into Chad and Sudan, in sight and engaged with Government forces. 10 days, the Government has announced that it has achieved a decisive victory, destroying more than 200 people. 【 Constitution 】 independence first Constitution in April 1962. 1993, April 4, Chad Supreme National Council adopted the Charter of the "transitional period", as an interim Constitution during the transition period. 31 March 1996 referendum, adopted a new Constitution. The Constitution provides: Chad is one built on the principles of democracy, the rule of law and Justice Foundation of independent, secular, socialization, uniform, indivisible sovereignty, the implementation of secularism. Executive power is exercised jointly with the President and Government. The President is the head of State, is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the Constitution. President TongThrough direct universal suffrage for a term of five years, renewable twice. While provisions such as the National Assembly by two-thirds of the members, to revise the Constitution. The President appoints the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister recommends the appointment and removal of members of the Government. The Prime Minister as head of Government, responsible for the implementation of national policies adopted by the Council of Ministers. Parliament consists of the National Assembly and Senate, the exercise of legislative power. In June 2005, the first referendum passed a constitutional amendment to remove presidential term limits in the number and age of the "Senate" Countdown "appointed by the President of the economic, social and Cultural Council." 【 Parliament 】 National Assembly is the highest legislative body. According to the 2001 revised election law, a total of 155 seats, a five-year term. This session of the National Assembly in 2002 on 21 April, the speaker to love life movement members nasor · guelengdouksia · Wye du (NassourGuelengdouksiaOuaidou). Parties in the National Assembly seats: love life saving transportation 110 seats, Union for democracy, fighting for the Republican seats 12 action front 9 seats, strive for development and innovation, the National Alliance of five seats, the National Union for democracy and progress party of five seats, VIVA strive for innovation and Democrats three seats, other parties and a total of 11 seats. In August 2007, love life movement reached an agreement with the political opposition, the originally scheduled year of legislative elections postponed to 2009. 【 Government 】 on June 8, 2009, the restructuring of the Government of Chad. The current Cabinet of 42 people, including the Prime Minister, head of Government: Youssouf Saleh · · Abbas (YoussoufSaleh Abbas), Defense Minister kamougue · wadal · Abdul Kader (Kamougue WadalAbdelkader), foreign relations Minister Moussa faki · Muhammad · (Moussa FakiMahamat), keeper of the seals, Minister of Justice makes · bavoyeu · ahringer (Jean BawoyeuAlingué), the Minister, a Government spokesman Mohammed · Iseyin (Mahamat Hisseine), infrastructure Minister Adoum · younoussi sago (AdoumYounousmi), Interior and public security Minister Ahmat · Muhammad · Bashir (Ahmat MahamatBâchir), Minister of the environment and fisheries resources · Sulaiman Ali · da Bahia (Ali Souleymen Dabye), water resources Minister Takhar · Su-lalgudi (TaharSougoudi), finance and budget ministers Gata · engulu (Gata Ngoulou), economy, planning and Cooperation Minister Osman · Mattar · PreK MUI (OusmanMatar Brémé), livestock and animal resources Minister mouctar · Musa (MoctarMoussa), public health Minister Ngongi Valle · Jai Bay (Ngombaye Djaïbé), National Education Minister Abdullah Raman · Koko (AbderamanKoko), higher education, research and vocational training, Minister Hamad · Tower Beth (Ahmad Taboye), Agriculture Minister from Valle · Lothar Simian (NaimbayeLossimian), mining and geology Minister Mohammed Ahmad · Ma · karambal (Ahmat MahamatKarambal), oil Minister Mohammed · Nasser · Hassan (Mahamat NasserHassane), land management, urban construction and Housing Minister Hammett · Muhammad · obdach Lu BU (Hamid MahamatDahlob), social action, national unity and family Minister en ngarmbatina · camel · Su (female, Ngarmbatina Carmel Sou IV), Minister of human rights and the promotion of free Kasi Raman · Jia RA Valle (Abderaman Djasnabaye), public service and Labour Minister Fatima · Joan ratio (female, FatiméTchombi), post office, information and communication technologies (ICT) Ministerial pahimi padacke · · Albert (Albert Pahimi Padacké), trade and Industry Minister Ahmad · Ali · Hassan (Mahamat AliHassan), national total surveillance and moral education Minister Amado on behalf of Jesse · Al-Hassan (AhmadayeAlhassan), culture, youth and Sports Minister Hubert · Yunus (DjibertYounous), tourism development Minister Mohammed · Barkai · ANI m (Ahmat BarkaiAnimi), microfinance and poverty Minister Ahmad · Mamadou · ADI (Mahamat MamadouAddy), Prime Minister's Office is responsible for the decentralization of ministerial representatives Emmanuel · Nadine Ghar (Emmanuel Nadingar), Secretary General of the Government, is responsible for the Government and National Assembly Minister limana · Muhammad (Limane Mahamat). 【 Administrative Division 】 according to April 1996, the new Constitution, adopted by the local administration units divided into Chad region (Région), province (Département), town, village (Commune) (CommunautéRurale) level four. March 2008, the country is divided into 22 regions (including the N'Djamena municipality), under the 57 provincial units (including the capital district), the province provided a total of county-level administrative units more than 500. 【 Judiciary 】 judicial system by the Constitutional Council, the Supreme Court, the Court of appeal, the trial court and the special composition of the Supreme Court. Constitution Committee responsible for reviewing laws, agreements, etc. is unconstitutional, and supervision, trial, released the results of the election and referendum. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial bodies, including the criminal courts, administrative tribunals and the Economic Court, composed of 16 members, the President sought by PresidentBoth the Senate and the speaker of the views expressed in the form of an appointment, the judges implement lifelong. The President of the Supreme Court Abu wear Rahim · PreK Mei · Hamid (AbderahimBireme Hamid), Attorney-General of the AHA Matt · AGGREY (AhmatAgrey). Special Supreme Court trial-the President, Government members and their accomplices of treason. 【 Party 】 September 1991 multi-party Chad. So far, 87 of legitimate political parties that are: (1) of the patriotic salvation movement (Mouvement Patriotique duSalut, MPS): "love life, 1990, 11 March, the ruling party. Originally the Habré 's political and military organizations. Founder-President and Mardon · Bada · Abbas (MaldomBadaAbbas) and others. Political programme: advocate multi-party democracy, development of mixed economy; defend the national unity and territorial integrity; external pursues an independent, neighborly, non-interference in internal affairs-aligned policies, comply with the Charter of the United Nations and African Union, and all who love peace and justice in the national development of friendly relations of cooperation. The party set national Congress, the Executive Board of the Central Committee and, in the country has a grass-roots organizations. National Congress is the Supreme authority, meets every two years. The Central Commission is the highest executive body, the Executive Board is a permanent body of the Central Committee, existing 40 members. Should be more than two-thirds of the members request the convening of national special Congress. In March 2001 a special Congress, Deby successor Party Chairman. Abbas as the Honorary Chairman, may 2008, love life movement was held at the fourth plenary session, Mr Ahmad · Saleh · Adoum · Joru elected (MahamatSaleh Adoum Djorou) as General Secretary. (2) the Union for democracy and progress (Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès, RDP): 1992, 10 March obtain legal status. Founder lol · Ma · choua Hamat (Loe MahamatChoua), has served as head of State and transitional President of the Supreme Council. In December 1997, the party and love life saving transportation signed a cooperation agreement. 2001 presidential support generation ratio. In December 2003, Choix announced transporting disarming and love life of the Union. In August 2007, participation in the national reconciliation process, signed "8 · 13 reconciliation agreement". Currently, the party in the national Parliament has 10, is the largest opposition party. (3) for Republican action front (leFront d ' Action pour laRépublique, FAR): opposition party, the predecessor to Republican action force front, 1993, 1995 and became a legitimate political party. Represents the interests of rich area in the South, advocate the establishment of the Federal Republic to limit the authority of the Central Government, local autonomy, separation, protection of human rights; reconstruction of the army, eliminating power politics and tribal doctrine; the peaceful diplomatic, political and economic integration in Africa. Party Chairman roasngar Fellegi · Yorongar (NgarlejyYorongar), has worked at the Habré era Police Department. 1996 elected National Assembly, 1998, on a charge of slander of the President and the speaker of corruption and sentenced to 3 years ' imprisonment, 1999 amnesty. Participated in the 1996 presidential election, the ballot by 1%. In May 2001 general election for 13.97% votes, ranking second. In 2006, to participate in the boycott of the presidential election. In 2007, the party refused to sign the "8 · 13 reconciliation agreement". Currently, the party in the national Parliament has 8 seats. (4) for development and innovation National Union (Union Nationale pour le Développement et leRenouveau, UNDR): opposition parties. 1992, July 21, to obtain legal status. Advocated maintaining the State of peace, unity and national reconciliation; to establish a truly national professional military; development of social economy, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, water, electricity, transport, tourism and handicraft; implementing decentralization, empowering women and capable people to participate in State management; development education in the health service; achieving food self-sufficiency, and so on. President Saleh Saleh kebzabo · (SalehKebzabo), has served as its first transitional Government of the African Minister, at the new Club President, the founder of N'Djamena. 2007 participation in the political reconciliation process. At present in the national Parliament has five seats. (5) to fight for democracy and progress of the national coalition party VIVA (VIVA/Rassemblement National pour laDémocratie et leProgrès, RNDP): participating parties. 29 January 1992, 4 2 may become a legitimate political party. 1993 to present. Advocates the interests of national unity and stability, and talk about solving the problem; the rebels to democratic principles establish a multiparty system, ensure the separation of powers; and revive the economy and increasing employment. Party Chairman nooruddin · del Valle · Cathy Ray · coumakoye, justice, public works and Minister of post and telecommunications, education, etc. In November 1993, the Prime Minister of the Transitional Government. 2007 March-April 2008 became Prime Minister again. The current economic, social and Cultural Council. Currently, the party in the national Parliament has 3 seats. (6) for innovation and the Democratic Alliance (Unionpour le Renouveau et laDémocratie, URD): opposition parties. 1992 established on 26 January. Stands for the democratization of the country's political life, half the presidential system, separation of powers, to establish access to administrative and financial autonomy of the provinces or territories, to the transition to a federal system; establishing control and freedom of competition on the combination of liberal economic system. Party Chairman kamougue · wadal · Abdul Kader (KamOuguéWadal Abdelkader), former Minister, Prime Ministers, Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, is currently the Secretary of Defense. Party in the national Parliament has 3 seats. 【 Big cheese 】 Idris · · Déby Itno: President. 1953 born in Biltine. Zakaria Watts tribe. The 1970s were studying in France. 1979 and joined the national liberation front of Chad — North of the armed forces. June 1982, "Deputy Chief of staff of the armed forces of the North". In December as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of the country of Chad. June 1984, the Director of national independence and Revolutionary Union Central Executive Board Secretaries of the military and security. November 1985, was sent to France for military college education. Home no matter what the Presidential Adviser on defence and security. 1989 exile in Sudan. March 1990, the President of the patriotic salvation movement in Chad. In December of the assumption of the Chadian President of the Council of State, heads of State. In March 1991 takes office as President. In June 1996 in Chad first multiparty presidential election win the election. In June 2001, and in May 2006 the President reelected twice. Profess Islam. Married with multiple children. Economic agricultural countries, economic backwardness, one of the least developed countries in the world. In 2006, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) human development index ranking, Chad in 177 countries ranked No. 171. Deby ruling, to accept the International Monetary Fund's economic structural adjustment programmes, focusing on restructuring the cotton company, public enterprises and public sector; encourage private investment and development of small and medium-sized enterprises; announcing enterprise privatization and free economy; the fight against smuggling, ensuring tax; actively seek international assistance to encourage foreign investment. 2000 's petroleum development program officially started. In July 2003, the Doba oil fields in southern smooth commissioning, Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline was opened, petroleum production and export capacity increases, the economy once growth, since the slowdown in 2005. In recent years, continue to perform economic structural adjustment programmes, promoting the national poverty reduction strategies, to strengthen and improve financial management, and vigorously promote the development of the private economy and has issued a new energy law. But as the perennial war, national military expenditure remained high, plus cotton yield decline, economic development, difficult. 2008 economic indicators are as follows: gross domestic product (GDP): 82 billion. Per capita GDP: USD 752. GDP growth rate:-0.8%. Currency: franc in non-financial cooperation (FCFA, hereinafter referred to as African franc). Exchange rate: 1 USD = 447.8 francs. Inflation rate: 5.3%. (Source: United Kingdom London 2009 economic quarterly review) 【resource 】 rich mineral resources, but most have not. The main minerals are natural soda, lime stone, white clay and tungsten, Tin, copper, nickel, chromium, etc. Since 1970, Chad Lake sedigui region, Doba basin and ouadai basin is the discovery of oil. Many Palestinian Basin reserves of about 9 million barrels, the World Bank estimated Chad oil reserves are expected to more than 20 million barrels. 【Industrial 】 mainly oil exploitation and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and food industry. In 2006, the industrial output accounted for 53.6% of gross domestic product, seven percent of the workforce engaged in industrial production. Current national petroleum exploitation reserves 12 million barrels, 2007 Nissan crude oil capacity of about 15 million barrels. There are 22 cotton processing plants, the total processing capacity of 18.8 million tons. Other textile, tobacco, wheat flour, beverages, sugar, agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises. In addition, Chad with about 1 million tons of trona, parts for export. Insufficient supply of electricity, electricity price is high, only 2% of the population, capital, only 9% of the families to electricity. Affected by the lack of electricity and the shortage of funds, etc., at industrial development difficult. 【 Agricultural 】 with development and production of oil, agriculture and animal husbandry in GDP ratio has dropped significantly, 2006 21.9%. National arable 52 million hectares, has 7 million hectares of arable land. Chad Lake Plains and the southern region is the main agricultural area. The main crops are corn, sorghum, and millet, as well as a small amount of rice and wheat. Rural population accounted for 72% of the population. The main cash crop is cotton, about 1/4 of the population engaged in cotton cultivation, in 2005, exports to 422 million francs, representing 2.6 per cent of the total exports. Other cash crops and tobacco, peanuts, Sesame, sugar cane and gum Arabic. In recent years, the main food and cash yield as follows (in million tons) 2005 2006 2007 cotton 21.5 17.0 18.1 sorghum 55.4 65.9 58.5 cassava 6.5 44.7 47.3 proso millet 54.9 56.0 49.7 34.3 36.6 39.1 Chad sugarcane is the main livestock in Central Africa region, 40% of the workforce engaged in animal husbandry. 2006 exports 2.287 billion, accounting for total exports (except Petroleum) by 54%. 【 Services 】 since the 1980s, domestic commerce, transport, telecommunications and other service sector gradually restored. 2006 service output 24.5 per cent of GDP. 20% of the country's population is engaged in the service sector, mainly in the transportation industry and the public domain. 【 Transport 】 landlocked country, no railway, mainly by road transport. Highway: km total length 3.34 million, of which the asphalted road 524 km, most road only during the dry season. Transportation: mainly in the sand diri and Logone, 4830 km inland waterway length, which can reach 2000 km navigable in the four seasons. The sea must be approved by the port of Douala, Cameroon (from N'Djamena 1500 km) or the Port Harcourt, Nigeria (from N'Djamena 1700 km). Air transport: N'Djamena international airport you can take off and large aircraft such as the Boeing 747, the gateway to Europe and surrounding countries. France, Cameroon, Libya, Sudan and Ethiopia have regular Airlines flights to Chad. In February 2004, the former Chad airline changed its name to "ToumaiAirTchad ", the Central African region and the Middle East Airlines Air France, and with the cooperation of N'Djamena-Paris route. 【 Financial 】 government revenue and expenditure in recent years is as follows (in billion CFAF): 2005 2006 2007 revenues 2772 6075 7358 expenditure 2758 2985 3606 difference 1162 3090 3752 (source: Statistical Office of the Ministry's economic plan) in 2007, the foreign exchange reserves of about 9.98 billion (excluding gold). Total external debt at the end of 2006 to $ 17.7 million. (Source: 2008 United Kingdom London economic quarterly review). The currency is subject to the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) control. Financial markets, interest rates are relatively high, the low rate of savings. Existing Chad Development Bank (BDT), Chad International Agricultural Bank of China, Chad credit Bank (BTCD), Societe Generale Bank in France, Chad branch banking groups in the Meridian BCEAO Chad branch (BMBT), financial Bank (FB), Sudan Bank Chad branch, Chad Libya Arab Bank (BTAL) and the Sahelo-Saharan investment commercial bank Tchad branch, 9 commercial bank. 【 Trade 】 2003 became the first major crude oil exported commodities in 2006 accounted for 86 per cent of total exports. Animal products and cotton is's traditional export commodities, mainly imported petroleum products, chemical, mechanical and electrical products, construction materials, automotive, textiles, food, medicine, etc. Main export countries are France, the United States, China, Korea and Portugal; import source countries are France, Cameroon, United States, Belgium, Portugal, etc. In recent years foreign trade as follows (in billion CFAF) 2004 2005 2006 import export 11580 15990 21230 4540 5890 6500 difference 7040 10100 14730 (source: Statistical Office of the Ministry's economic plan) 【 foreign aid 】 foreign aid budget in fiscal revenues and account for a large share in. Mainly from the United States, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Nations, European Union and the African Development Bank, etc. 2004 total acceptance of foreign aid 3.18 billion, bilateral aid 1.62 billion, multilateral assistance 1.56 billion. 【 Overseas capital 】 prospects for oil development, the massive influx of foreign capital in recent years. In April 2000, the United States Exxon and Chevron two major oil companies and oil exploitation formed Malaysia national oil company, participate in group chat oil development project. In June, the World Bank approved to Chad and Cameroon Governments provide 3950 million and us $ loan for Chas 5340 Kazan oil pipeline project, a total investment of $ 37. 2003-2005 accept foreign direct investment are 7.13 billion, 4.78 billion and 7.05 billion. People living at the United Nations as the world's 47 one of the least developed countries. The lower living standards, more than 55% of the population live below the poverty line. At medical institutions and medical personnel. A total of 429 Health Center, total 3962, where beds in general hospitals only 3, i.e. the Central Hospital in N'Djamena, military hospitals and free hospital. 1998 ~ 1999, there are 290 doctor and nurse in 1837. Average life expectancy in 44 years, population growth rate 3.1 per year. Health coverage 30.6%, 27% drinking water coverage, infant mortality 11.5%, adult HIV infection rates 3.5%. Common diseases: malaria, hepatitis, meningitis, leprosy, gonorrhoea, and so on. Military in January 1991, the President of the national armed forces will be adapted for the Chadian national army. Total divided into eight military region, the introduction of conscription, lasting one and a half years. At first the army and police units total 34850. Which the army about 25000, air of 350, Republican Guard 5000 people, gendarmerie 4500 people. President Deby in as the Supreme Military Commander. Education 【 education 】 Chad is the low level of culture and education of black Africa. 2004 's adult literacy rate is 38% lower than sub-Saharan Africa average. Primary and secondary school enrolment rates are 71% and 15%. Higher education is mainly composed of N'Djamena University, King Faisal University, Mont du commerce technical school, Abéché technical colleges, Salto El astronomy and Environment Institute, University students of the national total of 1500 people. 2003, there were 209 3653 primary, middle and 36 high schools. 【 Press 】 35 national newspaper, are privately owned. The progress report on the largest circulation daily newspaper, the daily print-runs of up to 3 million. Influential newspapers have the age "," Observer "," our time ", etc. Chad news service for the national news agency, founded in 1966. Chad State radio was established in 1965, mainly in French, Sarah language, Arabic broadcasting. Chad national television established in December 1987, the program covering the capital and at the southwest region. Play with French and Arabic. Broadcast TV of Cameroon. 【 Phone 2002】the communications sector lagged behind the high cost, low coverage. Chad carrier (Soteltchad) monopoly's fixed telephone and international long-distance business, in 2005 the total fixed telephone user 13000 households. In 2000, "Anglo-DutchMSI Mobicom (Celtel)" and "EgyptianOrascom" (Libertis) company's mobile communication market, 2004 tax due to failure to Libertis closed combing. By the end of 2006, a total of Celtel companies 372000 registered users. In October 2005, Sweden Cellular mobile telephone company (MIC) MillicomInternational into Chad market and the rapid expansion of the business, 2006The company has a registered user of 186700. In 2005, the first Internet service 40000 registered users. External relations, following an independent and pragmatic foreign policy that emphasizes all maintain national unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and maintain the stability of the surrounding environment; support for African Unity, to work to improve with the Western powers and the international financial institutions; attention to development and the Arab States and Africa. As of the end of 2007, Chas and world 81 countries have established diplomatic or consular relations. 【 With our relations】 1972 November 28, in the first two countries established diplomatic relations. In 1997, 12 August, the Government of Chad is contrary to the principles in the Communique on sight, and the resumption of "Taiwan", the Chinese Government announced August 15 date of suspension of diplomatic relations with Chad. 2006 August 6, Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing and Chadian Minister Alami signed two countries with regard to the joint communiqué of the restoration of diplomatic relations. In August 2006, Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister Zhaijun as Special Envoy of the Chinese Government to Chas attended the inauguration ceremony of President. In October, Minister of State for Chadian infrastructure led a delegation to visit China. In November, the Minister led a delegation to attend the Alameda Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Summit in Beijing. In January 2007, Li Zhaoxing, Foreign Minister to visit first. In April, the Foreign Minister's visit in Aramaic. In September, the President's visit to China. March 2008, the Chinese Government on behalf of the African Affairs Special Liu guijin access Chad. 5 month China Sichuan Wenchuan earthquake happened, the President and Prime Minister Abbas sent a letter to President Hu Jintao respectively and Premier Wen Jiabao's sympathy, Chad's foreign relations Minister Moussa faki · Muhammad · (MoussaFaki Mahamat) went to the Chinese Embassy in Chad Embassy condolence. In August, Chad Prime Minister Abbas to China to attend the Beijing Olympic Games opening ceremony. 2008 's trade 1.2129 billion, an decrease 15.3%, China's exports 7995 million, an increase of 22.1%, $, an increase of imports 4134 50.8% decline. China import and export of electronic equipment for the oil, tea, textiles, etc. Two countries, cultural, health, and other exchanges and cooperation carried out smoothly. Jul 2008, Chad national dance company visit. In August, Chad cultural, youth and Sports Minister Hubert · Yunus to watch the Beijing Olympics. Chinese Ambassador to Chad Ambassador Wang yingwu, January 3, 2007 to submit their credentials to President. Exhibition site: Chad N'Djamena municipality 1 district residential, administrative and commercial community section 1021 Street (Vakuf-Avenue). RueNo.1021 (Boulvard de Koufra) Quartier Residentiel, Administratif etCommercial, Premier Arrondissement, N’Djamena, République duTchad。 Address: Chad N'Djamena 735, p.o. box. B.P.735 N’DjamenaTchad。 Phone: 00235-2522949. Chad Ambassador Ahmad · songi (AhmedSoungui), 21 March 2007 to submit their credentials to President Hu Jintao. Address: Beijing Chaoyang District East Road, no. 1, 2, Ta yuan diplomatic apartments, 2 unit 10 layer 2. Phone: 008610-85323822. 【 Relationship with France 】 's law tradition intimately. Law is at the first major donor countries, the two countries signed the financial, economic, cultural, educational and military, and a series of cooperative agreements. Method's bases, Garrison 1200 people. The French Government to Chas providing information and logistical support, and assistance in its fight rebels attack on the capital. Law assistance accounted for more than two thirds of the total number of Chas foreign aid, more than 100 experts work at the main departments of the Government, nationals of more than 2000 people. After the outbreak of the crisis in Darfur, the law school at 200 military personnel to execute Su border humanitarian task. The company contracted by almost all at Kazan oil pipeline construction project. In February 2008, France defense Elvey · Moran, President Sarkozy visited Chad. July President on a private visit to France. November, France's Foreign Minister to visit Kush in Chad. 【 The relationship with the United States 】 Chas us established diplomatic relations in 1961. As the first oil development project launched, bilateral relations have been strengthened. United States became the first first export destinations, Aramco in Chad oil development, about 2000 US petroleum technician's work. America has been the first Government 2.8 billion francs financial assistance, and the first education, environmental, and social sector small projects provide material or financial support. There are dozens of u.s. soldiers in Northern mine, at first blush, represented a 28 "peace corps" and help make counter-terrorism training at first. In January 2005, the US's signing of justice information management and the personnel training for the assistance agreement. In April 2006, in September, the United States is responsible for the Deputy Secretary of State for African Affairs Assistant Donald · Yamamoto twice visited at first. In may, US's signing of civil aviation security judicial cooperation agreement. August 2008, the Special Representative of the United States of Darfur, Bush envoy Richard · Williamson's visit to Chad. 【 Relations with Sudan products】 's relationship with Sudan, Darfur, the longtime friendship problems after the outbreak of the first Soviet relations, twists and turns. In January 2003, at the Soviet Union in Khartoum State Senior Mixed Committee and to reach an agreement, establish a border security coalition forces, the establishment of the s-Su-non-tripartite Committee to oversee the border security. In April 2005, at first stop acting as mediator for Darfur, the Sudanese disarm as soon as possible in the Soviet Republic's anti-Government armed. October's condemnation of Soviet support anti-Government armed at first, turn off the Soviet Consulate and request-shutdown in consular at Abéché. In December, the Government announced that with the visions "in war". February 8, 2006, the first Soviet in AU and Libya and other countries signed the peace agreement in conciliation. April's accusations against Soviet support rebel attack on capital, declared that the severance of diplomatic relations with Sudan. In July, the Sudanese Foreign Minister as presidential envoy visitsAt first glance, the two sides signed the minutes of the normalization of relations between the two countries. In August, the Sudanese President Bashir visit Chas, talks with the President and decided to resume bilateral diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level. In February 2008, at first glance the rebels in the capital N'Djamena and control most of the region, was at first the Government forces pushed back. Belcher's condemnation of the Soviet Union in support of the rebels. In March, in Senegal and Libya mediation, peace agreement signed in Dakar on Soviet Union decided to end hostilities. In may, Su anti-Government armed raids in the capital, the Government of the Soviet party accused's backing announced and the severing of sight. Good offices in countries such as Libya, two sides to resume diplomatic relations in November. 【 Relationship with Libya 】 Chad and Libya as a result of territorial disputes and other issues have been cultivated for a long time. February 3, 1994, the Court will at first glance, dispute territory "o' progenitor zone" award to Chas, Chas profit improvement and constant development. The two sides signed the Chas, good-neighborliness, friendship and Cooperation Treaty and cooperation agreements. In 2005, the Foreign Minister of Alameda, the Prime Minister at yoadimnadji, President Deby has an interview with Lee. In January 2006, Deby interview. In February, Deby to Lee attended on Darfur and Chad and Sudan disputes au small Summit. In may, at first Premier yoadimnadji representative than participate in Tripoli, the community of Sahelo-Saharan States Summit. In November, Deby to Libya and leader Qadhafi Darfur and Chad-Sudan disputes for urgent consultations. In the same month, Deby to profit again attend Darfur small Summit. 2008, June, July, President two visits Libya. 【 With non-relational 】 in January 1997, at first sent troops participated in peacekeeping operations in Africa. In November 2001, the former Chief of staff in non-· Francois Bozize (FrançoisBozizé) exile in Chad, continuous tense relations between the two countries, border conflict occurs more than once. 15 March 2003, Bozizé force after seizing power, and in non-relational rapidly improved. In June 2004, Chad and the non-signing establish border agreement. mixed force In August, the Central African President Bozizé on Chas transit access. In December 2005, the Central African President Bozizé interview at first met with Deby. In May 2006, Bozizé visitors at first glance, congratulated President Déby won. In February 2008, Bozizé interview at first. In June, Bozizé transit Chad and met with Deby. 【 With other African countries 】 at the African Union, the Central African economic and Monetary Community, the economic community of Central African States, the community of Sahelo-Saharan States, Niger River basin States, Lake Chad Basin Commission, a member of the African regional organization. Chad attention to development and its neighbours and other African countries of friendly relations and cooperation, to participate actively in regional co-operation. January 2008, the President visited Gabon and attended Gabon, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) tripartite summit. In the same month, President attended in Tripoli, the community of Sahelo-Saharan States 8 small Summit. In March, President visits to Congo (Kinshasa) attended the economic community of Central African States, the Special Summit in Dakar in OIC Summit. In April, Deby to Niamey Niger River basin organizations attended the Summit.