United States network control of content and means of _ Marxist-Leninist magic

United States network control of content Zhang and means Hengshan before a period of time, "Google event" noisy hubbub. United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton specifically for this publication on Internet freedom of speech, accused of "some countries put up electronic barrier, preventing their people share a part of the network in the world." Due to the media area of the "West" and the strong I am weak propagation effects caused by the world media and social elites most are discussed China's Internet monitoring problems, most of the United States and the Western developed countries were of the opinion that, mainly because China is not the appropriate network information monitoring behavior leads to Google the company withdrew from the Chinese mainland. In fact, according to the laws and regulations on the Internet the necessary management is a common practice of States, the United States is no exception. Shouted "free" in the United States Internet, never on the Internet "neglect" in the prevention and control. United States through various means, on the network with the most mature and efficient monitoring and control measures. Both the strategic level, or a strategic level, whether technical or management level, the United States is the world in this area is the most powerful and most of executive power of the State. (A) monitor and control network information first, in order to national security "9 • 11" after the incident, counter-terrorism, to ensure that national security has become a beautiful overriding standard. When network communication content may pose a threat to national security, will be strictly monitored. In order to guard against possible terrorist attacks in the United States adopted two and Internet related law: first, the Patriot Act, and second, the Homeland Security Act. Through these two laws, public information on the network including private information if necessary, can be monitored. In addition, the United States politics also on the United States the Federal Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Act, the 1978 foreign intelligence Act, the 1934 Communications Act be amended to authorize the national security and justice sector involve specialized chemical weapons, or terrorist act, the computer fraud and abuse Act for telephone conversations and electronic communications, listening, and allows the electronic communications and remote computer service providers in certain emergency situations to government departments to provide users of electronic communications so that Government control involving national security first-hand information on the Internet. According to the United States Department of Justice investigation reports, the United States Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) in 2002-2006, through e-mail, notes and the phone to steal thousands of United States citizens of phone records. In addition, according to the 2007 United States the freedom of information act to decrypt the file shows that the United States Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) create a "digital information collection system network", used for secret eavesdropping and control messages. According to the New York Times 20 December 2005, in recent years, the United States Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) has been monitoring network and other channels to collect large numbers of anti-war around the United States participated in the March survey of the non-governmental organizations, a surprising amount of material. Of these, "Greenpeace" materials up to 2400 pages. According to media reports, the United States national security agency United States early in 2001 in domestic install specialized surveillance equipment to monitor phone calls, faxes and emails, gathering information on domestic communications. This project initially only for United States Arab descent, was gradually extended to other ordinary citizens. United States National Security Agency in Utah Williams camp established a million square feet of database, in San Antonio-building a massive database, as part of its newly formed an important part of the NET command. (Information Office: the 2009 United States human rights record, "Xinhua March 12,2010) according to the Washington Post website 2008 April 4 reported that an application for a new surveillance technologies" deep packet inspection "to log user access to every page, every message and every search. According to the Washington Post, United States at least 10 million Web users are tracking, service providers have to up to 10% of the United States tested network users. United States has never stopped on the Internet blockade and monitoring of the secret. In December 2005, the New York Times disclosed that the United States national security agency with the assistance of the telecom sector and for many domestic and international communications are monitored. The report says, "9 • 11," the national security agency without the leave of the Court of the United States in the territory of hundreds of international telephone and e-mail supervision, to look for the "base" organization relevant evidence. The New York Times reported that the United States national security agency without court authorization to e-mail and telephone surveillance, far more than the Bush Administration acknowledges, to a wide range. For many people it is difficult to imagine that keeps advocacy network free United States but on other countries site closure. During the war in Iraq, in the United States Government incite, ".iq" (Iraq top level domain name) of the application and the parsing is stopped, all URLs to ".iq" suffixes to the Web site from the Internet, Internet map could not be found in Iraq's shadow. In 2004, due to the top level domain name management issues and the United States of a disagreement, Libya top-level domain ".ly" also in full paralysis, Libya on the Internet disappeared for 3 days. United States had been cut off in 2008, Cuba, North Korea, Sudan's MSN Instant Messaging, create the following military sanctions, economic sanctions and trade sanctions sanctions after information. (Ii) a multi-pronged, strict monitoring and control the spread of child pornography and spread on the legislative front, since 1996, the United States legislature adopted the law on communications is the children's Online Protection Act and the children's Internet Protection Act and other laws, restrictions on porn sites. Under the children's Internet Protection Act, the United States public library must be installed on a networked computer, or pornography filtering system will not be able to access government libraries to provide technical assistance funds. United StatesThe Federal Government also established the specialized agencies, or start a special project to combat Internet child pornography. For example, the Ministry of justice founded on combating child cyber crime special forces, State and local initiatives to provide technology, equipment and manpower support to training public prosecution and investigation staff, carry out search arrests, assist case detective; FBI specialized project to identify the online publication of child pornography images, investigate criminals, legal sanctions. The Council also from 1995 onwards start "innocent images national initiative", with an emphasis on combating the use of the Internet transmission of child pornography products of crime. United States, many non-governmental organizations are also actively involved in the fight against Internet child pornography offence. For example, non-governmental organization "Association for the promotion of the protection of children through the Web site and many sites" and enthusiastic individuals, reporting and verification of all kinds of pornographic Web sites. They reported porn site server, charging methods, IP address, owner, and other information for analysis, once found child pornography to the United States Federal Bureau of investigation, national missing and exploited children protection centre government agencies report. According to statistics, since 2003, the Association has to government agencies reported thousands of porn sites. In addition, the United States-related businesses in the fight against child pornography plays an important role. For example, the United States Internet service provider verrie Sun communications, Time Warner companies and mobile operators such as splinter communications has joined together to ban all range of child pornography Web sites and forums. (3) the United States has developed a series of policies and regulations for the protection of intellectual property protection network copyright in United States, Google has also must comply with the law on their search for processing. In 2002, Google in the search results filtering the anti-"Christian Scientology" site, why is the "Church of Scientology" claims of copyright infringement on this Web site. Google said, remove the associated Web site is based on the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act. In fact, the United States Department of Justice and the Government has introduced a series of policies and regulations for the protection of intellectual property, efforts to combat Internet piracy. In addition to the 1976 Copyright Act and the 1998 copyright extension Act, other network-copyright-related legal mainly: the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998). The Act on digital technology and the characteristics of the network environment, the United States copyright laws, and made an important supplementary and revised its offer for technical measures for the protection of the law are complex, will control access to the technical measures and control the use of technical measures, given the different scope of legal protection. The Act involves a work of a temporary copy on the Internet, the network file transfer, digital publishing, work scope of fair use to redefine, database protection, etc., without allowing downloading music, movies, games, software, etc. to be illegal, network copyright protection period is 70 years. The Act on the copyright owner, and network service providers to offer protection, including librarians, educational institutions, website owners, Web users, Internet broadcasters, such as pasting or download protected information, must be paid. The prevention of digital copyright infringement and strengthen Compensation Act (2000). The Act seeks to protect, including computer software, creative work, strengthening against the infringement of the Copyright Act of civil penalties. Copyright is invading each work, this new law will be the maximum statutory civil compensation amount from $ 10 million to 15 million. The family entertainment and Copyright Act (2005). The Act on amendments to the existing copyright laws of the United States, by the artist and the anti-piracy law, the family movie Act, the national film ' and ' the collected works of the Save Act four parts that require as long as the shared folder to store the unissued movies, software or music files will be subject to fines and up to three years imprisonment. (4) the United States Government has always attached great importance to and study the development of effective measures to protect computer security "Washington Post" has 10 September 2002 published an article that might be the last computer security program moves poor to United States Government is prepared to 18 July a new computer security program — the national computer security strategy. "Einstein" is a United States national security of the United States computer emergency response team in 2003 and is responsible for running a set for the United States Federal Government agencies network detection system. "Einstein-1" feature is a United States Federal Government agencies network flow records of information collection, management, analysis, and provide analysis through a macro point of the United States Federal Government computer network of possible malicious behavior. 2008 United States President George w. Bush signed a classified Presidential Decree 23, homeland security and national security Presidential Decree No. 54, established the "comprehensive national cybersecurity initiative (CNCI)". And the 1998 presidential decision to 63, and 2003 's "network security strategy," focus on passive defense comparison, CNCI more comprehensively covers a variety of network attacks, and how to use the network attack means implementing active attacks. (5) United States monopolize the Internet's strategic resources, and dominate the Internet industrial chain of key links Internet from the date of the birth of the United States firmly in control, the current global Internet root servers to 13 units, of which only the main root servers in the United States, and the remaining 12 secondary root servers in the United States in September. All root servers are managed by the United States Government licensing of ICANN (the Internet name and number assigned company) consolidated management, responsible for global Internet root domain name server, domain name system and IP address management etc. World countries and the United Nations and other international organizations have sought to break the United States on the Internet root servers of monopoly, sharing Internet managementHowever, both the United States rejected. From the Internet was born that day, it was the United States. From chip to the operating system, from the router to the domain name management system, Internet industrial chain on each key link, basically consists of United States companies dominate. From the portal, search engine, e-commerce to a blog, Forum, etc, United States Internet capital almost has control of the entire Internet industry. United States holds the core technology of the Internet, the Internet has the absolute right of control, the United States by virtue of its information industry leading position and English "network first language", a truly sovereign State "information." In fact, the United States is the world's largest producer of filtering software to block information in countries around the world use filtering software most of the production by the United States. (6) the United States has a specialized anti-hacking forces, and international recruitment service for its hacker elite since since the 1990s, the us often to recruit "hacker market". In 2002, in response to the various network hacker attacks, prevent "network ' 9 • 11" event ", Bush released a no. 16 of presidential decree" national security ", the formation of the US military history, which is also the world's first network hackers force — network warfare，jfccnw (JFCCNW). United States each year are held in Las Vegas, or even hackers contest will this game expansion overseas. June 23, 2009, United States Secretary of Defense Gates signed memorandum, the establishment of a formal order United States military command of the "network" in order to coordinate the Department of Defense, defense network attacks, network warfare operations. This command is part of us strategic command, Office locations in the United States National Security Agency's headquarters — Maryland Meade military bases. May 29th, 2009 by the New York Times had an interview with the associated problems Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman, thrilling said: "and in other battlefield, US forces must be able to take action in the Internet space, which includes the protection of our freedom of action and ensuring that we in this environment, the corresponding capacity for action." But here the "meaning" ability to act, including the extremely sensitive "cyber attacks". (7) the United States has a mature, powerful network monitoring tools United States and abroad have the world's most sophisticated network monitoring system, where the most famous is the "Carnivore System" and "Echelon" System. "Carnivore System" is the United States Ministry of Justice of the Federal Bureau of investigation, development and use of a set of information monitoring system, when it is installed to the Internet service provider's server, can effectively monitor specific user almost all network activity. 27 July 2000 of the Los Angeles Times, and other parts of the United States media disclosure of the "Carnivore System" exists, that this system exists a serious threat to the citizens ' privacy and personal liberty. This beginning, United States domestic public opinion on the FBI used the "Carnivore System" may be a violation of the Constitution, first amendment mentioned civil rights expressed great concern that the main trend is worried that can effectively monitor the flow of information technology, will threaten citizens ' personal privacy and personal freedom. United States Congressional members directly involved in the matter, may threaten personal privacy concerns expressed a high degree; Federal Bureau of investigation is required to attend a hearing in Congress, provides more detail on "Carnivore System" for instructions. Whether it is public, the media or the Congress, the overwhelming opinion is requested on "Carnivore System" to impose strict control. "9 • 11" incident, "Carnivore System" fate has undergone significant change: the United States Congress passed a new Bill, the decision to increase the "Carnivore System" funding, then, the system was renamed as "DSC-1000", the daily from members of Congress discuss in disappeared. At the same time, pay close attention to the system of media coincidentally stopped for this system. On the other hand, the FBI obtained funding, accelerated deployment, use the "Carnivore System". In 1997, has always been concerned about how to avoid letting modern technology into silence dissidence tool of non-governmental organizations Lipin Foundation before the European Parliament consists of scientific and technical means of assessment Committee entitled "political control technology assessment reports. In the report there is a separate section entitled "national and international traffic sniffing the network," the chapter of the first detailed full disclosure of a name of "Echelon" global monitoring systems. The report claimed that the continent all phone, fax and email anytime, anywhere in the system of monitoring, this huge electronic monitoring system for ultimate control in the hands of the United States National Security Agency. This report, the disclosure of the contents of the entire European Parliament for the shock. 5 July 2000 of the European Parliament set up a special investigation of the temporary Committee on the Echelon system, on 4 May 2001 the Commission extensive investigations on the basis of a preliminary report on the work of the original shrouded in mystery of the Echelon system to show in the world: the Echelon system is a huge worldwide monitoring system, the Echelon system has three parts, the first part is located in geosynchronous orbit and near-Earth orbit surveillance satellite, is responsible for monitoring global phone, fax, and network traffic signal; the second part is distributed across multiple countries, 36 ground monitoring station, these listening station has great e-antenna, is responsible for receiving reconnaissance satellite signal is sent back, and complete the part of the assisted listening; the third part is the United States National Security Agency, all collected information is eventually consolidated summary there for analysis. The system is characterized by the largest has implemented nearly comprehensive monitoring capabilities. Satellite receiving station and spy satellites systems almost all with interception of telephone, fax, Internet communications capabilities. ("Global vision" was excerpted from 2010 9 issue of the Hongqi presentation ")